Kinetics and Isothermal Investigation of Composite Biosorbent for Treatment of Textile Wastewater Containing Ionic Pollutants
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1021-6221Keywords:
Cellulose acetate, Chitosan, Dye pigment, heavy metal,, AdsorptionAbstract
This study evaluated the development of chitosan and cellulose acetate membrane-based biocomposite adsorbent for smart sorption of crystal violet dye pigments and chromium heavy metal ions from textile wastewater. Chitosan and cellulose acetate membranes were synthesized from oyster shells by alkalization and carboxymethylation and from rice husk-CA by dewaxing, delignification, and acetylation. A batch adsorption experiment was conducted using a one-factor-at-a-time method. Results obtained from oyster shells yielded about 39.58% chitosan, having a porosity of 56.73%, while rice husk yielded 83.71% cellulose with a porosity of 84.69%. Surface micrographic analysis showed a highly porous structure with uneven sizes and shapes, with connected chitosan particles forming a network-like structure. The CA membrane appears to have a rough, porous surface with evenly distributed pores. Surface area analysis showed chitosan having 819.6 m2/g, while cellulose acetate had 407.1 m2/g. An isothermal study showed the Langmuir model was favoured, with a high correlation R² of 0.9936 and an adsorption capacity qₘ of 21.231 mg/g for crystal violet and 28.4091 mg/g, thereby suggesting a monolayer adsorption with a localized homogeneous phase. The adsorption kinetic study suggested that the first-order adsorption process, with uptake of crystal violet dye pigments (k1) as 0.0318 min⁻¹ and chromium ion uptake (k1) as 0.0216 min⁻¹, suggests pseudo-first-order kinetics. Hence, a composite biosorbent consisting of rice husk-derived cellulose acetate and oyster shell-based chitosan is very effective in the simultaneous sorption of dissolved chromium ions and crystal violet dye pigments.
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