Emerging Antibiotherapeutic Strategies for Neonatal Sepsis: Trends and Challenges
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1021-6345Keywords:
Neonatal Sepsis, Antibiotic Resistance, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Gram-Negative Bacteria, DiagnosticsAbstract
Neonatal sepsis remains a leading cause of mortality in Nigeria, accounting for 23-30% of neonatal deaths, with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) complicating treatment efficacy. The dominance of Multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens particularly K. pneumoniae and E. coli has rendered the first line drugs such as ampicillin and gentamicin ineffective. This comprehensive review examines emerging antibiotic strategies, current trends, and persistent challenges in managing neonatal sepsis in Nigeria. The current review synthesizes findings from more than fifty (50) studies from 2016 to 2026 on pathogen profiles, resistance patterns, diagnostic advancements, and novel therapeutic approaches. Key challenges include limited healthcare infrastructure because only about 42% of hospitals perform blood cultures due to cost, antibiotic misuse mostly from antibiotics dispensed without prescriptions, and sustainability of interventions. Integrated solutions including antimicrobial stewardship, capacity building, and policy reforms should be adopted to mitigate AMR and improve neonatal sepsis treatment outcomes
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