Exploring Coping and Barriers to Mental Health Help-Seeking Among Unemployed Adults with A History of Suicide in Adamawa State, Nigeria

Abstract

Mental health problems, particularly suicidal attempts, remain a major public health concern among young people in low-resource settings, including Nigeria, where access to formal mental health services remains limited. This study explored coping strategies and barriers to mental health help-seeking among unemployed adults with a history of suicidal attempts in Adamawa State, Nigeria. A phenomenological qualitative design was employed. Participants who met the study eligibility criteria were purposively recruited from the three senatorial zones of Adamawa State, and 11 participants aged 18–45 years who completed the in-depth interviews were included in the final analysis. Data were collected through audio-recorded in-depth interviews, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis, with NVivo software used to facilitate data management and coding. Participants experienced substantial reliance on informal coping mechanisms, including engagement in daily activities as a means of distraction, social withdrawal, religious practices and culturally based remedies, while some reported seeking information or support through online and artificial intelligence resources. However, participants reported using them, but their accounts did not indicate effective relief or reliable substitution for professional care. Formal mental health services were rarely utilized and were generally sought when distress became severe. Participants identified several barriers to help-seeking, including stigma and fear of social labelling, cultural expectations of self-reliance, financial constraints, negative experiences or perceived negative attitudes from healthcare providers, and delayed recognition of mental health needs.